When Special Cause Variation Becomes Common Cause Variation
A safety management system (SMS) operates in a risk management environment where associated hazards are assessed, classified, and accepted or rejected by the accountable executive (AE). There are several inherent risks in aviation, triggered by special cause variations or common cause variations. Inherent risks triggered by common cause variations and are systems required for processes to work as intended, and they are beyond management and control of airport or airline operators. Adverse weather conditions such as thunderstorms, turbulence, fog, and strong winds can pose significant risks to flight safety. Despite rigorous maintenance checks, mechanical failures or malfunctions in aircraft systems can occur, leading to potential safety issues. Collisions between aircraft and birds or other wildlife can pose a threat to aviation safety, potentially damaging the aircraft and compromising its ability to fly. Incidents where an aircraft, vehicle, or person enters the prot...